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Terminology The use of the term cannon is interchangeable with gun as words borrowed from the French language during the early 15th century from Old French canon itself a borrowing from the Italian cannone a large tube augmentive of Latin canna reed or cane Recent scholarship indicates that the term gun may also have its origins in the Norse woman s name Gunnildr which was often shortened to Gunna The earliest recorded use of the term gonne was in a Latin document circa 1339 Other names for guns during this era were schioppi Italian translation thunderers and donrebusse Dutch translation thunder gun which was incorporated into the English language as blunderbuss Artillerymen were often referred to as gonners and artillers Early guns and the men who used them were often associated with the devil and the gunner s craft was considered a black art a point reinforced by the smell of sulfur on battlefields created from the firing of guns along with the muzzle blast and accompanying flash In military use the term gun refers primarily to direct fire weapons that capitalize on their velocity for penetration or range In modern parlance these weapons are breech loaded and built primarily for long range fire with a low or almost flat ballistic arc A variation is the howitzer or gun howitzer designed to offer the ability to fire both low or high angle ballistic arcs In this use example guns include naval guns A less strict application of the word is to identify one artillery weapon system or non machine gun projectile armament on aircraft The word cannon is retained in some cases for the actual gun tube but not the weapon system The title gunner is applied to the member of the team charged with operating aiming and firing a gun Autocannon are automatic guns designed primarily to fire shells and are mounted on a vehicle or other mount Machine guns are similar but usually designed to fire simple projectiles In some calibers and some usages these two definitions overlap A related military use of the word is in describing gun type fission weapon In this instance the gun is part of a nuclear weapon and contains an explosively propelled sub critical slug of fissile material within a barrel to be fired into a second sub critical mass in order to initiate the fission reaction Potentially confused with this usage are small nuclear devices capable of being fired by artillery or recoilless rifle In civilian use a related item used in agriculture is a captive bolt gun Such captive piston guns are often used to humanely stun farm animals for slaughter Shotguns are normally civilian weapons used primarily for hunting These weapons are typically smooth bored and fire a shell containing small lead or steel balls Variations use rifled barrels or fire other projectiles including solid lead slugs a Taser XREP projectile capable of stunning a target or other payloads In military versions these weapons are often used to burst door hinges or locks in addition to antipersonnel uses 1 Types of guns Colt Python 357 Magnum revolver Marlin Model 1894C a carbine in 357 Magnum Military firearms Long gun Arquebus Blunderbuss Musket Musketoon Wall gun Grenade launcher Submachine gun Personal defense weapon Rifle Lever action rifle Bolt action rifle Assault rifle Battle rifle Carbine Service rifle Sniper rifle Shotgun Combat shotgun Semi automatic shotgun Machine guns Gatling gun Minigun Nordenfelt gun Metal storm Mitrailleuse Submachine gun Machine pistol Machine gun General purpose machine gun Light machine gun Squad automatic weapon Infantry Automatic Rifle Medium machine gun Heavy machine gun Handguns Handgun Pistol Service pistol Revolver Service revolver Machine pistol Autocannon Autocannon Chain gun Artillery guns Artillery gun Cannon Carronade Falconet Field gun Howitzer Tank guns Tank gun Hunting guns Elephant gun Express rifle Shotgun Muzzleloader Breechloader Guns for training and entertainment Airsoft gun BB gun Paintball gun Replica gun Inert gun Spud gun Water gun Nerf gun See also Firearm Gun culture Gun law Gun politics Gun safety Railgun Stun gun Citations and notes Online Etymological Dictionary Kelly Jack 2004 Gunpowder Alchemy Bombards amp Pyrotechnics The History of the Explosive that Changed the World Basic Books pg 31 Ibid pg 31 Ibid pg 30 Ibid pg 32 Captive Bolt Stunning Equipment and the Law How it applies to you pdf References Lee R G Introduction to battlefield weapons systems amp technology Royal Military College of Science Shrivenham UK Brassey s Publishers Oxford 1981 Look up gun in Wiktionary the free dictionary v 160 160 d 160 160 e Technology Applied science Archaeology 160 Artificial intelligence 160 Ceramic engineering 160 Computing 160 Electronics 160 Energy 160 Energy storage 160 Engineering geology 160 Engineering physics 160 Environmental Engineering Science 160 Environmental technology 160 Fisheries science 160 Materials science and engineering 160 Microtechnology 160 Nanotechnology 160 Nuclear technology 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